Mushroom formation

Date :-29/06/2017

After the bed formation, within 15 days the spawn formed into mushroom. The bed become white with matured spawn.

After the submission of report and blog checking, certificate distributed among us. This day is the last day of training. We are happy but quite sad. From vigyan ashram, we learned lot of things which are helpful in knowledge point of view and also for good health. Like meditation, morning prayer, mess rules. I like all the things so much.

Thank u so much..... 

Soil testing

Date:18-06-2017 to 23-06-2017 and 25-06-2017 to 28-06-2017.  

Mridaparikshan :

On 18 th June, we have started the working on other assignments in soil testing lab, we have tested 10 samples everyday. We have checked the quantity of soil nutrients present in the soil of different region. We have performed various procedures to test the quantity of Fe, K, S, B, Zn, OC, N, pH, etc. in soil. For test determination of soil first we was using prerana model but now we used mridaparikshak. Mridaparikshk is developed by ICAR-IISS Bhopal.  

               

Soil testing :It refers to one or more of a wide variety of soil analysis conducted for one of the several possible reasons.

Soil analysis : In agriculture, a soil test commonaly refers to the analysis of soil samples to determine nutrients content, composition and other characteristics such as the acidity or pH level.

Importance of soil testing :
Good crop production often requires the application of lime and fertilizers. Soil testing enables you to find out the makeup of your soil and helps you determined how much lime and fertilizer you need to apply.

Material used for the soil testing in soil lab was given as below:-

1.Mridaparikshak.
2.Weighing balance.
3.Spoons.
4. Plastic tubes.
5.Glass tubes.
6.Glass beakers.
7.Plastic beakers.
8.Measuring cylinder.
9.Distilled water.
10.Different chemicals.
11.Filter papers.
12.Marker pen.
13. Funnels.
14.Shaker.
15.Hot plate.
16.sieve
17.syringe.

We have performed the following procedure to test the soil samples :

1.In first step, sieved the selected soil samples.
2.Then weighing the soil samples on weighing balance as per given in manual for different test.
3.After that took the samples  into 50 ml plastic  tubes and labelled it.
4.Mixed the sample with given chemicals.
5.Filtered the mixture in another tubes using funnels and filter paper.
6.Then we followed the procedure given in manual to test the quantity of Various parameters.

The parameters which we had checked from the soil samples are discuss in short as follows :

pH:
Soil pH is a measures of the acidity and alkalinity in soils. pH levels ranges from 5.5-7 is necessary for most plants, however many plants have adapted to thrive at pH values outside the range.
Range should be 6.5-8.5.

Electric conductivity (EC):
It is the measure of amount of salts in soil. (salinity of soil).It is an important factor of soil health. Range should be 0.01-0.80.

Organic carbon (OC) :
It is the amount of carbon found in organic compound and is often used as a non specific indicator of water quality or cleanliness of pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment. Range should be 0.41-0.60

How to increase OC:

1.Grow high yield.,high biomass crops and pastures and in continuous cropping system maximize crop frequency to increase organic matter returns to soil.
2.Maintain soil fertility with inorganic and organic fertilizer to maximize production.
3.It available locally, impart manures /compost or other organic amendment.

Nitrogen :
It is important building block of protein, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituent which are essential for all forms of life. Range should be 

How to increase :-
1.Adding composted manures to the soil. 2.Planting a green manure crop, such as borage.
3.Planting nitrogen fixing plants like peas or beans.
4.Adding coffee grounds to the soil.

Potassium :
It is an essential plant nutrients and is required in large amount for proper growth and reproduction of plants.
How to increase :-

1.Add compost with fruits and vegetables waste.
2.Mix wood ash into soil.
3.Used greensand.
4.Add granite dust.
5.Try Sul-Po-Mag.

Zinc:
It is essential micronutrient in plant life. In Minnesota, while some of soils are capable of supplying adequate amount for crop production adding zinc fertilizer is needed for other.

Iron :
Iron is involved when a plant produces chlorophyll, which gives the plant oxygen as well as it's health green colour.

Boron :
It is most widespread micronutrient deficiency around the world and causes large losses in crop production and crop quality. Deficiency in boron affects the growth and reduced fertility. Range should be 0.50-0.60.

Sulphur :
It is the important part of protein needed to sustain life in all biological organism.

Phosphorus :
It is one of the three nutrients generally added to soil in fertilizer. One of the main role of P in living organism is transfer of energy.

Example :-
Farmer name :A
Test :
pH=8.58
EC =0.244%
OC=0.62%
N=207.6kg/ha
P=70.60 Kg/ha
K=398.70kg /ha
Zn=0.37
B=7.45Mg/kg
S=115
Fe=9.40Mg/kg

From above test we concluded that the soil having least or excessive amount of any parameters from the above the soil fertility get reduced. Therefore,to increase the soil fertility following process should be followed :

Ex. Potassium
It plays roles in photosynthesis and food formation as well as transport and storage of plant food.

Symptoms :- The most common symptoms of plant potassium deficiency is yellowing of older plant leave along the edges and between the veins.

Remedy :-Improve the availability of potassium by ensuring yours soil is well drained and aerated also plants are receiving adequate water. 

Stages of growing

Date : 13-06-2017.                                    

The beds are prepared from sterilized substrate and placed in the sterilized dome.

                                                       

Date:14-06-2017.

The small droplets of water are formed in the plastic bags.                                              

Date :15-06-2017.                                            
The spawn were swelling in some plastic bags of prepared bed.                                      

Date:16-06-2017.                                               
Spawn spread all over the beds.                      

Date:17-06-2017.                                             
Spawn spread all over the beds.                      

Date:18-06-2017.                                                  
On some bed some green fungus appears  which is toxic to spawn growth.                       

Date :19-06-2017.                                              

It spreads rapidly to almost all the beds of mushrooms which is hazardous to spawn.We spray some chemicals to avoid this.                                                            

Date :20-06-2017.                                             
There is no change in growth or spreading of green fungus after spraying fungicides.It spreading rapidly as usual.    

Date :21-06-2017.                                             
We separated the infected beds from few unaffected and noted the growing state.     

Date :22-06-2017.                                             
We seen in some beds green fungus growing rapidly and in some beds the spawn growing slowly with no sudden change.

Selection and cleaning of chamber

Date : 14th June.                                                

Selection and cleaning of chamber:                 

 The project designing of refrigerator was decided and had a discussion over the project. We need some chamber to design a refrigerator. We had a discussion over a need of chamber finally it was decided that the chamber for refrigerator would the chamber of dryer I.e.firstly it was dryer now it is used for designing the refrigerator for bulk storage of vegetables. Finally the chamber was selected. The part of dryer were disassembled which were not useful in this refrigerator.
After the selection and disassembling the chamber was cleaned properly. The parts which were filled with dust were cleaned.

Bed formation

Date :13 th June.

                                      

Bed preparation

 For bed preparation the material used are washed or cleaned with solutions.              

 Water =5 litre.          

 Formaldehyde = 8ml   

 Bavistine =5 gm.                                               

1.weight of spawn = 1packet of 500gm. Total weight =1.5 kg. 

2.weight of bed =total weight of each bed.

Procedure for formation of bed:

1.Before begin,washed our hands and clean all surfaces and corners of used poluthene bags .

2.The straw with 60%water packed on rebust plastic bags with straw quite tightly.

3.Then distribute some of mushrooms spawn throughout the straw after every 4-5 cm layer.The straw should not be drippimg wet but it should be damp from the sterilization.

4.At this stage,make holes in the bags every 3 inches.This let some air in but not too much.

5.After that beds kept out of direct sunlight and it is best arround 20-30 degree celcius. 

6.Wait while the mushroom spawn develop into mycelium and begins taking over the entire bags.

Polishing and Painting of Chamber

Date : 15-16 th June.                                      

 Polishing and painting of chamber : 

           

The chamber which is selected for refrigeration was cleaned properly and further it was polished.       The chamber was polished because it was not used and not in working conditions. The inside wall were polished with polishing paper. The rubber insulations for door from previous dryer was damaged they were removed out. After polishing of chamber we started painting. We paints the walls of chamber and inside fins and trays.

                                           

Oyster mushrooms cultivation

Date : 10 June.          

 Introduction:                                      

 Mushroom is a fungal growth that takes the form of a domed cap on the straw. We have decided to cultivate the oyster mushrooms of species pleurotus sajar caju. The oyster mushroom is a common edible mushroom. It belongs to pleurotaceae family. It can be cultivated in any part of India during summer or winter by selecting suitable oyster mushroom species.

        

Idea conditions :

                                                                           

Oyster mushroom cultivation in dome require the following conditions for better growth of mushrooms.                                    

1.Temperature in dome should be 20-30 degree Celsius.
2. Humidity required above 80-90%.                                                                                       

General characteristics :  

       

1.pleurotus is a mushroom which has both firm and tender flesh as well as subtle aroma and mild taste.                                                  

  2.Due to the considerable amount of water it contains, it is advisable to cook it for no more than minutes.                                                      

 3.It is low calories food and contains no cholesterol.                                                    

 4.Apart from that.,oyster mushrooms helps intestinal functions.

Material used for cultivation :                         

Following are the material used in cultivation of oyster mushroom...                                    
1.Wheat straw.                                   

2.chaff cutter                                   

3.Gunny   bags                                    

4.water tank                                       

5.water                                

6.formaldehyde.                         

7.Bavistine.                                       

8.Plastic bags.                              

9.threads                           

10.Thermometer                          

11.Exhaust fan.                      

12.Motor